A swallowing problem is called dysphagia. The word comes from dys- meaning bad and phagia meaning eating. Normal swallowing requires harmonious coordination of many different muscles, bones and nerves. It all works together like a fantastic symphony orchestra. There are three consecutive phases of swallowing and difficulties can occur in any of them. The first phase involves preparing food for swallowing. This involves reducing the size of food and lubricating the food with saliva. Tissues in the mouth make saliva which begins food digestion and assists chewed food in passing through the throat and esophagus. The lips, cheeks, teeth and tongue break the food up and form a soft ball (bolus).

          Swallowing problems can be caused by incompletely chewed food. Poor chewing can be caused by bad or missing teeth, malpositioned teeth, poor fitting dentures, or bad dental work. Eating smaller portions of food and completely chewing the food helps swallowing along with eating smaller more frequent meals. Reduced amounts or poor quality saliva can cause problems. Unfortunately, with age the quality and quantity of saliva production decreases. Many medical conditions can also disturb saliva formation. Adding sauces to your meals and avoiding sticky or dry foods sometimes helps.

         After chewing, the ball of food is moved back into the throat. The tongue pushes up against the palate and pushes the chewed food into the throat. This triggers automatic responses in the throat and esophagus. Poor tongue function can cause a swallowing problem. Many patients with a tongue thrust, lowered tongue posture, and TMJ problems often complain of difficulties. TMJ patients often complain of having problems swallowing pills.

         Food allergies can cause the tissues in the nose and throat to swell. The swelling can result in a swallowing problem. A diet diary can be helpful in determining if specific foods trigger problems. A problem can become worse if you eat while you are tired or stressed. Plan your meals, relax and enjoy. Eat slowly and in an upright seated position.

         The first step in diagnosing the cause begins with a detailed and careful interview. Treatment may involve several different health professionals including a knowlegdeable dentist. If you have a swallowing problem and would like to consult with Dr. Padolsky, make your appointment at 404-874-7428.